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Criminal Law

Provocation and Emotional Disturbance

When a person is guilty of second degree murder, they can sometimes ask the judge for a jury instruction allowing the jury, in its discretion, to lower the charge to voluntary manslaughter. The jury may do so, but is not required to. The defendant is entitled to the instruction, anyway, if the they killed because of certain legally-recognized provocations. This is a quasi defense, labelled provocation or, in many states, extreme mental or emotional disturbance. Under either label, the requirements are largely the same. As you read the cases below, identify the requirements for the defendant to obtain such a jury instruction.