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Cyber Law & Policy

Fourth Amendment and Technology

This introductory section provides cases illustrating how Fourth Amendment jurisprudence evolved to protect electronic or intangible "papers" and "effects."  The crucial philosophical distinction occurs in Katz, where a concurring opinion by J. Harlan produced the privacy test that most of the court now uses when analyzing searches and seizures of intangibles.

(However, you will find many justices adhere strictly to the original trespass doctrine.)