Automation and the Law (10th LSGL Summer School, FGV Rio, 25-29 July 2022) (Syllabus)

  • Giancarlo Frosio (University of Turin, Nexa Center, Center for International Intellectual Property Studies, Stanford CIS)

This syllabus includes materials specifically designed for the course Automation and the Law at the 10th LSGL Summer School. It is a resource aiming at blending together international, European and US legislation, case law, and doctrinal pieces. It is intended to be a resource that might serve as a reference for further in depth review of the topics touched upon during the training program. This syllabus is a work in progress and will be updated in due course.

4 Module 3 - Automation, Creativity, and Innovation 4 Module 3 - Automation, Creativity, and Innovation

4.1. WIPO Secretariat, WIPO Conversation on Intellectual Property (IP) and Artificial Intelligence (AI), May 2020

WIPO Secretariat, WIPO Conversation on Intellectual Property (IP) and Artificial Intelligence (AI), May 2020

4.2. Burkhard Schafer, Editorial: The Future of IP Law in an Age of Artificial Intelligence, 13(3) SCRIPTed (2016)

Burkhard Schafer, Editorial: The Future of IP Law in an Age of Artificial Intelligence, 13(3) SCRIPTed (2016)

4.3 3.1.1 - Automation and Creativity: Copyright and Authorship 4.3 3.1.1 - Automation and Creativity: Copyright and Authorship

4.3.1. Naruto v. Slater, No. 16-15469 (9th Cir. 2018)

Naruto v. Slater, No. 16-15469 (9th Cir. 2018)

4.3.2. Giancarlo Frosio, ‘Four Theories in Search of an A(I)uthor’ in Ryan Abbott (ed), Handbook of Artificial Intelligence and Intellectual Property (Edward Elgar 2022)

Giancarlo Frosio, ‘Four Theories in Search of an A(I)uthor’ in Ryan Abbott (ed), Handbook of Artificial Intelligence and Intellectual Property (Edward Elgar 2022)

4.3.3. Jane Ginsburg, People Not Machines: Authorship and What It Means in the Berne Convention, 49 IIC 131 (2018)

Jane Ginsburg, People Not Machines: Authorship and What It Means in the Berne Convention, 49 IIC 131 (2018)

4.3.4. Russ Pearlman, Recognizing Artificial Intelligence (AI) as Authors and Inventors Under U.S. Intellectual Property Law, 24(2) Rich. J. L. & Tech. 1 (2018)

Russ Pearlman, Recognizing Artificial Intelligence (AI) as Authors and Inventors Under U.S. Intellectual Property Law, 24(2) Rich. J. L. & Tech. 1 (2018)

4.3.5. Ana Ramalho, Will Robots Rule the (Artistic) World? A Proposed Model for the Legal Status of Creations by Artificial Intelligence Systems​, 21 Journal of Internet Law 1 (2017)

Ana Ramalho, Will Robots Rule the (Artistic) World? A Proposed Model for the Legal Status of Creations by Artificial Intelligence Systems​, 21 Journal of Internet Law 1 (2017)

4.3.6. James Grimmelmann, There is No Such Thing as a Computer-Authored Work And It is a Good Thing, Too, 39 Colum. J. L. & Arts. 403 (2016)

James Grimmelmann, There is No Such Thing as a Computer-Authored Work And It is a Good Thing, Too, 39 Colum. J. L. & Arts. 403 (2016)

4.3.7. James Grimmelmann, Copyright for Literate Robots, 101 Iowa Law Review 657 (2016)

James Grimmelmann, Copyright for Literate Robots, 101 Iowa Law Review 657 (2016)

4.3.8. Bruce Boyden, Emergent Works, 39 Colum. J.L. & Arts 377 (2016)

Bruce Boyden, Emergent Works, 39 Colum. J.L. & Arts 377 (2016)

4.3.9. Annemarie Bridy, Coding Creativity: Copyright and the Artificially Intelligent Author, 2012 Stan. Tech. L. Rev. 5 (2012)

Annemarie Bridy, Coding Creativity: Copyright and the Artificially Intelligent Author, 2012 Stan. Tech. L. Rev. 5 (2012)

4.3.10. Jani McCutcheon, Vanishing Author in Computer-Generated Works: A Critical Analysis of Recent Australian Case Law, 36 Melbourne University Law Review 915 (2012)

Jani McCutcheon, Vanishing Author in Computer-Generated Works: A Critical Analysis of Recent Australian Case Law, 36 Melbourne University Law Review 915 (2012)

4.3.11. Alan Durham, Copyright and Information Theory: Toward an Alternative Model of "Authorship", 2004 BYU L. Rev. 69 (2004)

Alan Durham, Copyright and Information Theory: Toward an Alternative Model of "Authorship", 2004 BYU L. Rev. 69 (2004)

4.3.12. Shyamkrishna Balganesh, Causing Copyright, 117 Colum. L. Rev. 1 (2017)

Shyamkrishna Balganesh, Causing Copyright, 117 Colum. L. Rev. 1 (2017)

4.4 3.1.2 - Automation and Creativity: Copyright, Ownership and Infringement 4.4 3.1.2 - Automation and Creativity: Copyright, Ownership and Infringement

4.4.1. C-5/08, Infopaq International A/S v Danske Dagblades Forening (16 July 2009) ECLI:EU:C:2009:465

C-5/08, Infopaq International A/S v Danske Dagblades Forening (16 July 2009) ECLI:EU:C:2009:465

4.4.2. C-360/13, Public Relations Consultants Association Ltd v Newspaper Licensing Agency Ltd and Other (5 June 2014) ECLI:EU:C:2014:1195

C-360/13, Public Relations Consultants Association Ltd v Newspaper Licensing Agency Ltd and Other (5 June 2014) ECLI:EU:C:2014:1195

4.4.3. Naruto v. Slater, No. 16-15469 (9th Cir. 2018)

Naruto v. Slater, No. 16-15469 (9th Cir. 2018)

4.4.4. Shlomit Yanisky-Ravid, Generating Rembrandt: Artificial Intelligence, Copyright, and Accountability in the 3A Era, The Human-Like Authors are Already Here: A New Model, 2017 Mich. St. L. Rev. 659 (2017)

Shlomit Yanisky-Ravid, Generating Rembrandt: Artificial Intelligence, Copyright, and Accountability in the 3A Era, The Human-Like Authors are Already Here: A New Model, 2017 Mich. St. L. Rev. 659 (2017)

4.4.5. Richard Eckart de Castilho, Giulia Dore, Thomas Margoni,Penny Labropoulou, Iryna Gurevych, A Legal Perspective on Training Models for Natural Language Processing, in Proceedings of the 11th LREC (ELRA, 2018)

Richard Eckart de Castilho, Giulia Dore, Thomas Margoni,Penny Labropoulou, Iryna Gurevych, A Legal Perspective on Training Models for Natural Language Processing, in Proceedings of the 11th LREC (ELRA, 2018)

4.4.6. Andres Guadamuz, Do Androids Dream of Electric Copyright? Comparative Analysis of Originality in Artificial Intelligence Generated Works, 2 Intellectual Property Quarterly 169 (2017)

Andres Guadamuz, Do Androids Dream of Electric Copyright? Comparative Analysis of Originality in Artificial Intelligence Generated Works, 2 Intellectual Property Quarterly 169 (2017)

4.4.7. Benjamin Sobel, Artificial Intelligence's Fair Use Crisis, 41 Colum. J. L. & Arts 45 (2017)

Benjamin Sobel, Artificial Intelligence's Fair Use Crisis, 41 Colum. J. L. & Arts 45 (2017)

4.4.8. Jean-Marc Deltorn, Deep Creations: Intellectual Property and the Automata, 4(3) Frontiers in Digital Humanities (2017)

Jean-Marc Deltorn, Deep Creations: Intellectual Property and the Automata, 4(3) Frontiers in Digital Humanities (2017)

4.4.9. Kalin Hristov, Artificial Intelligence and the Copyright Dilemma, 57(3) IDEA 431-454 (2017)

Kalin Hristov, Artificial Intelligence and the Copyright Dilemma, 57(3) IDEA 431-454 (2017)

4.4.10. Robert Denicola, Ex Machina: Copyright Protection for Computer-Generated Works, 69 Rutgers University Law Review 251 (2016)

Robert Denicola, Ex Machina: Copyright Protection for Computer-Generated Works, 69 Rutgers University Law Review 251 (2016)

4.4.11. Annemarie Bridy, The Evolution of Authorship: Work Made by Code, 39 Colum. J.L. & Arts 395 (2016)

Annemarie Bridy, The Evolution of Authorship: Work Made by Code, 39 Colum. J.L. & Arts 395 (2016)

4.4.12. Margot E. Kaminski, Authorship, Disrupted: AI Authors in Copyright and First Amendment Law, 51 UC Davis Law Review 589 (2017)

Margot E. Kaminski, Authorship, Disrupted: AI Authors in Copyright and First Amendment Law, 51 UC Davis Law Review 589 (2017)

4.4.13. Pamela Samuelson, Allocating Ownership Rights in Computer-Generated Works, 47 U. Pitt. L. Rev. 1185 (1986)

Pamela Samuelson, Allocating Ownership Rights in Computer-Generated Works, 47 U. Pitt. L. Rev. 1185 (1986)

4.5 3.2.1 - Automation and Innovation: Patenting AI 4.5 3.2.1 - Automation and Innovation: Patenting AI

4.5.1. The European Patent Convention

The European Patent Convention

4.5.2. Yann Meniere, Ilja Rudyk, Javier Valdes (2017), Patents and the Fourth Industrial Revolution: The Inventions behind Digital Transformation, Munich, DE: European Patent Office

Yann Meniere, Ilja Rudyk, Javier Valdes (2017), Patents and the Fourth Industrial Revolution: The Inventions behind Digital Transformation, Munich, DE: European Patent Office

4.5.3. Ben Hattenbach & Joshua Glucoft , Patents in an Era of Infinite Monkeys and Artificial Intelligence, 19 Stan. Tech. L. Rev. 32 (2015)

Ben Hattenbach & Joshua Glucoft , Patents in an Era of Infinite Monkeys and Artificial Intelligence, 19 Stan. Tech. L. Rev. 32 (2015)

4.5.4. Jacob Sherkow, The CRISPR Patent Landscape: Past, Present, and Future, The CRISPR Journal, February 2018

Jacob Sherkow, The CRISPR Patent Landscape: Past, Present, and Future, The CRISPR Journal, February 2018

4.6 3.2.2 - Automation and Innovation: AI-generated Inventions 4.6 3.2.2 - Automation and Innovation: AI-generated Inventions

4.6.1 3.2.2.1 - Inventiveness and Ownership 4.6.1 3.2.2.1 - Inventiveness and Ownership

4.6.1.1. Ana Ramalho, Patentability of AI-Generated Inventions: Is a Reform of the Patent System Needed? (February 15, 2018)

Ana Ramalho, Patentability of AI-Generated Inventions: Is a Reform of the Patent System Needed? (February 15, 2018)

4.6.1.2. Peter Blok, The inventor's new tool: artificial intelligence - how does it fit in the European patent system? 39(2) European Intellectual Property Review 69-73 (2017)

Peter Blok, The inventor's new tool: artificial intelligence - how does it fit in the European patent system? 39(2) European Intellectual Property Review 69-73 (2017)

4.6.1.3. Shlomit Yanisky-Ravid and Xiaoqiong Liu, When Artificial Intelligence Systems Produce Inventions: The 3A Era and an Alternative Model for Patent Law, Cardozo Law Review (forthcoming 2018)

Shlomit Yanisky-Ravid and Xiaoqiong Liu, When Artificial Intelligence Systems Produce Inventions: The 3A Era and an Alternative Model for Patent Law, Cardozo Law Review (forthcoming 2018)

4.6.1.4. Erica Fraser, Computers as Inventors дус Legal and Policy Implications of Artificial Intelligence on Patent Law, 13(3) Scripted (2016)

Erica Fraser, Computers as Inventors дус Legal and Policy Implications of Artificial Intelligence on Patent Law, 13(3) Scripted (2016)

4.6.1.5. Russ Pearlman, Recognizing Artificial Intelligence (AI) as Authors and Inventors Under U.S. Intellectual Property Law, 24(2) Rich. J. L. & Tech. 1 (2018)

Russ Pearlman, Recognizing Artificial Intelligence (AI) as Authors and Inventors Under U.S. Intellectual Property Law, 24(2) Rich. J. L. & Tech. 1 (2018)

4.6.1.6. Ryan Abbott, I Think, Therefore I Invent: Creative Computers and the Future of Patent Law, 57 B.C. L. Rev. 1079 (2016)

Ryan Abbott, I Think, Therefore I Invent: Creative Computers and the Future of Patent Law, 57 B.C. L. Rev. 1079 (2016)

4.6.1.7. Colin Davies, An evolutionary step in intellectual property rights дус Artificial intelligence and intellectual property, 27(6) Computer Law & Security Rev. 601-619 (2011)

Colin Davies, An evolutionary step in intellectual property rights дус Artificial intelligence and intellectual property, 27(6) Computer Law & Security Rev. 601-619 (2011)

4.6.2 3.2.2.2 - Non-obviousness and Prior Art 4.6.2 3.2.2.2 - Non-obviousness and Prior Art

4.6.2.1. Ryan Abbott, Everything is Obvious, 66 UCLA. L. Rev. 2 (2019)

Ryan Abbott, Everything is Obvious, 66 UCLA. L. Rev. 2 (2019)

4.6.2.2. Ben Hattenbach & Joshua Glucoft , Patents in an Era of Infinite Monkeys and Artificial Intelligence, 19 Stan. Tech. L. Rev. 32 (2015)

Ben Hattenbach & Joshua Glucoft , Patents in an Era of Infinite Monkeys and Artificial Intelligence, 19 Stan. Tech. L. Rev. 32 (2015)

4.6.2.3. All Prior Art Project

All Prior Art Project

4.7 3.3 - Automation and Trade Secrets 4.7 3.3 - Automation and Trade Secrets

4.7.1. Nari Lee, Protection for Artificial Intelligence in Personalised Medicine – The Patent/Trade Secret Trade Off (December 13, 2019) in Schovsbo, Jens, Minssen, Timo and Thomas Riis (eds), ‘The harmonization and protection of trade secrets in the EU – An Appraisal of the EU Directive’ (Edward Elgar, Forthcoming)

Nari Lee, Protection for Artificial Intelligence in Personalised Medicine – The Patent/Trade Secret Trade Off (December 13, 2019) in Schovsbo, Jens, Minssen, Timo and Thomas Riis (eds), ‘The harmonization and protection of trade secrets in the EU – An Appraisal of the EU Directive’ (Edward Elgar, Forthcoming)

4.7.2. W. Nicholson Price, "Artificial Intelligence in Health Care: Applications and Legal Implications" 14(1) The SciTech Lawyer (2017)

W. Nicholson Price, "Artificial Intelligence in Health Care: Applications and Legal Implications" 14(1) The SciTech Lawyer (2017)

4.7.3. Dan Burk, Patents as Data Aggregators in Personalized Medicine, 21(2) Boston U. J. of Science and Technology L. (2015)

Dan Burk, Patents as Data Aggregators in Personalized Medicine, 21(2) Boston U. J. of Science and Technology L. (2015)

4.7.4. Waymo LLC v. Uber Technologies, Inc.; Ottomotto LLC, and Otto Trucking Ltd., Case 3:17-cv-00939 (23 February 2017)

Waymo LLC v. Uber Technologies, Inc.; Ottomotto LLC, and Otto Trucking Ltd., Case 3:17-cv-00939 (23 February 2017)

4.7.5. Chloe Margulis and Charles Goulding, Waymo vs. Uber May Be the Next Edison vs. Westinghouse, 99 J. Pat. & Trademark Off. Soc'y 500 (2017)

Chloe Margulis and Charles Goulding, Waymo vs. Uber May Be the Next Edison vs. Westinghouse, 99 J. Pat. & Trademark Off. Soc'y 500 (2017)

4.7.6. Matthew Rimmer, Intellectual property and self-driving cars: Waymo vs Uber: Supplementary submission to the House of Representatives Standing Committee on Industry, Innovation, Science and Resources' inquiry into the social issues relating to land-based driverless vehicles in Australia (2017)

Matthew Rimmer, Intellectual property and self-driving cars: Waymo vs Uber: Supplementary submission to the House of Representatives Standing Committee on Industry, Innovation, Science and Resources' inquiry into the social issues relating to land-based driverless vehicles in Australia (2017)